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Monday November 24th, 2008
Federalism Is Dysfunctional Political System for Iran. Part 2-3
There is a form of political system which is known as federalism which is naturally a dysfunctional form of a political system, and it has been defined as “political system in which the power of the state are formally divided between central and regional governments by a written constitution, but in which these governments are linked in an interdependent political relationship.”1 It means creating multilayer of governments, and complex bureaucracy system. Most importantly, there is an absent of attachment toward a nation, and leading a nation into a civil war. The aim of this paper is to discuss political system of federalism as a root cause of regionalism in Iran, it would be costly to have a federalist system in Iran, and would threaten democracy in Iran.
This portion of the paper is discussing political system of federalism as a root cause of regionalism in Iran. Simply by looking at countries like Canada that it has adopted federalism as a form of political system, and it is promoting regionalism “refers to the territorials dimension of the Canadian community, according to which particular areas or regions of the country are distinguished from others by political, economic, historical, cultural, and linguistic characteristics.”2 Today, Canada is having very tough times to keep Canada as one nation. Province of Quebec has been contemplating “Quite Revolution” since 1944 to separate from Canada.3 In 1963, left wing faction formed Front de liberation du Quebec and engaged in terrorism act against English residence of Quebec. In 1970, the above entity kidnapped James Cross who was a British Trade Commissioner to Canada, and the above entity killed James Cross. Subsequently, former prime minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau called for War Measure Act to crack down on the above entity which ended a decade of terrorism in the Province of Quebec.4 Residences of Quebec never see themselves as a Canadian, but as a French person and a “distinct society” due to their linguistic and cultural background which makes French residences in Canada as a distinct society. Moreover, Province of British Columbia, Province of Alberta, Province of Saskatchewan and Manitoba always feel that they are left outside of Canada, and have been trying to separate from rest of Canada, it is known as “Western Alienation”. The above provinces feel left outside of Canada because federal government is always allocating development funds in Province of Quebec in order to keep residences of Quebec happy and keeping unemployment rate low and would not separate from Canada, and other provinces feel financial pressure on their shoulders.5
Iran is composed of diverse ethnic background, and concept of nation-state would dissipate during national crisis because everyone is attached to their own region and should not be concern with other regional issues since these regions do not share common background. Also, predicting future federal system for Iran would be evident that each province of Iran wanted to have oil revenue in their region for developmental reasons, and Province of Khuzestan would be reluctant to share its oil revenue with other provinces in Iran. Obviously, the above scenario would lead to ultimate disintegration of Iran.
It would be costly to have a federalist system in Iran. Currently, Canada is a federal political system, and it requires to have two parliaments to deal with affairs of governments. One would be provincial parliament of each province, and last one would be federal government. Each province would have intergovernmental relation departments “the network of intergovernmental structure includes separate departments or other administrative units within governments, administrative units within individual departments, intergovernmental secretariats, and a large number of intergovernmental committees.”6 Most importantly, “federalism has been cited as a major reason for the weak policy capacity of governments in many policy sectors in Australia, Canada, and the United States. It has constrained these states 'capacity to develop consistent and coherent sectoral policies. In these countries, national policies in most areas require intergovernmental agreement, which involves the federal and provincial or state governments in complex, extensive, and time consuming negotiations with no guarantee that these negotiations will conclude in the manner envisioned by the initiating government.” 7 Thus, this would be a perplex bureaucracy system which would be confusing for political actors to participate in a health and vibrant political life, and would open the door for elite of a society, as well as, technocrat to engage in politics, and as James Burnham mentioned that elite of the society, and technocrat are “ruler of society” which would be a threat to democracy.8
The federalist political system would be a threat to democracy which is current experience in Canada as “the provincial party systems are not necessarily identical to their federal counterparts. Provincially, as federally, the classic two-party system is found consistently only in the Atlantic provinces, where third parties rarely win more than 5 percent of the vote. Federal and provincial parties of the same name generally have separate elites, organizations and financial support. Only in the Atlantic provinces are federal/provincial party ties fairly integrated. For this reason, a federal party cannot assume ideological congruence or policy support from its provincial counterparts.”9 Therefore, elected member of a parliament is not truly reflecting a conventional wisdom of a society, and would allow elite of the society to dominate public policy which would lead to lack of representation of minority group in a democrat nation, and Iran would not be immune from above scenario.
All in all, the federal political system is a dysfunctional political system which does not allow a nation to be united, and particularly during financial crisis, each province would go on their own separate way, and would not share their wealth with other provinces. Also, Iran needs to act on “guardian rule” on treasury issue which means it would save money, pay deficit, create jobs in order to reduce unemployment rate, and lowering inflation rate, and by having a complex bureaucracy system, it would exhaust all of Iran's national revenue, and this federal system would be too costly to manage. Eventually, public would demand for downsizing government which was the case in 1995 in Province of Ontario. Most importantly, the federal system is a threat to democracy, as it would further marginalize minority group in a province, and would not allow minority group to become a political actor and take part in political life.
On November 22nd, 2008 His Imperial Majesty Reza Pahlavi Shah II mentioned during His Imperial Majesty interview that during time when His Imperial Majesty was residing in Iran, as His Imperial Majesty, Light of Aryan, King of Kings Mohammad Reza Pahlavi I governed Iran, there was no issue of ethnicity or religious issues, it was the current regime has begun to label citizen of Iran with ethnicity and religious background.
Quite frankly, the current regime in Iran is using ethnicity and religious background as an instrument to divide Iranian and not allowing them to be one united force against establishment in Iran. Henceforth, it would be in best interest of all Iranian not allow enemy's deceptive public policy to infiltrate among Iranian, and to become one force against the regime in Iran.
Thank you
Long Live Pure Divine Motherland of Iran
Pawn
1Kenneth Kernaghan, David Siegel. Public Administration. Fourth Edition. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing. 1999. PG 462
2Kenneth Kernaghan, David Siegel. Public Administration. Fourth Edition. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing. 1999. PG 464
3Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy: An Introduction. 2nd Edition. TO, ON: Oxford University Press. 1994. PG 135
4Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy: An Introduction. 2nd Edition. TO, ON: Oxford University Press. 1994. PG 135
5Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy: An Introduction. 2nd Edition. TO, ON: Oxford University Press. 1994. PG 135
6Kenneth Kernaghan, David Siegel. Public Administration. Fourth Edition. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing. 1999. PG 470
7Howlett, Michael, M.Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Second Edition. Canada: Oxford university Press 2003. PG 62
8Kenneth Kernaghan, David Siegel. Public Administration. Fourth Edition. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing. 1999. PG 31
9Jackson J. Robert & Doreen Jackson. Politics in Canada. 4th Edition. TO, ON: Prentice-Hall Canada. PG 381
This portion of the paper is discussing political system of federalism as a root cause of regionalism in Iran. Simply by looking at countries like Canada that it has adopted federalism as a form of political system, and it is promoting regionalism “refers to the territorials dimension of the Canadian community, according to which particular areas or regions of the country are distinguished from others by political, economic, historical, cultural, and linguistic characteristics.”2 Today, Canada is having very tough times to keep Canada as one nation. Province of Quebec has been contemplating “Quite Revolution” since 1944 to separate from Canada.3 In 1963, left wing faction formed Front de liberation du Quebec and engaged in terrorism act against English residence of Quebec. In 1970, the above entity kidnapped James Cross who was a British Trade Commissioner to Canada, and the above entity killed James Cross. Subsequently, former prime minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau called for War Measure Act to crack down on the above entity which ended a decade of terrorism in the Province of Quebec.4 Residences of Quebec never see themselves as a Canadian, but as a French person and a “distinct society” due to their linguistic and cultural background which makes French residences in Canada as a distinct society. Moreover, Province of British Columbia, Province of Alberta, Province of Saskatchewan and Manitoba always feel that they are left outside of Canada, and have been trying to separate from rest of Canada, it is known as “Western Alienation”. The above provinces feel left outside of Canada because federal government is always allocating development funds in Province of Quebec in order to keep residences of Quebec happy and keeping unemployment rate low and would not separate from Canada, and other provinces feel financial pressure on their shoulders.5
Iran is composed of diverse ethnic background, and concept of nation-state would dissipate during national crisis because everyone is attached to their own region and should not be concern with other regional issues since these regions do not share common background. Also, predicting future federal system for Iran would be evident that each province of Iran wanted to have oil revenue in their region for developmental reasons, and Province of Khuzestan would be reluctant to share its oil revenue with other provinces in Iran. Obviously, the above scenario would lead to ultimate disintegration of Iran.
It would be costly to have a federalist system in Iran. Currently, Canada is a federal political system, and it requires to have two parliaments to deal with affairs of governments. One would be provincial parliament of each province, and last one would be federal government. Each province would have intergovernmental relation departments “the network of intergovernmental structure includes separate departments or other administrative units within governments, administrative units within individual departments, intergovernmental secretariats, and a large number of intergovernmental committees.”6 Most importantly, “federalism has been cited as a major reason for the weak policy capacity of governments in many policy sectors in Australia, Canada, and the United States. It has constrained these states 'capacity to develop consistent and coherent sectoral policies. In these countries, national policies in most areas require intergovernmental agreement, which involves the federal and provincial or state governments in complex, extensive, and time consuming negotiations with no guarantee that these negotiations will conclude in the manner envisioned by the initiating government.” 7 Thus, this would be a perplex bureaucracy system which would be confusing for political actors to participate in a health and vibrant political life, and would open the door for elite of a society, as well as, technocrat to engage in politics, and as James Burnham mentioned that elite of the society, and technocrat are “ruler of society” which would be a threat to democracy.8
The federalist political system would be a threat to democracy which is current experience in Canada as “the provincial party systems are not necessarily identical to their federal counterparts. Provincially, as federally, the classic two-party system is found consistently only in the Atlantic provinces, where third parties rarely win more than 5 percent of the vote. Federal and provincial parties of the same name generally have separate elites, organizations and financial support. Only in the Atlantic provinces are federal/provincial party ties fairly integrated. For this reason, a federal party cannot assume ideological congruence or policy support from its provincial counterparts.”9 Therefore, elected member of a parliament is not truly reflecting a conventional wisdom of a society, and would allow elite of the society to dominate public policy which would lead to lack of representation of minority group in a democrat nation, and Iran would not be immune from above scenario.
All in all, the federal political system is a dysfunctional political system which does not allow a nation to be united, and particularly during financial crisis, each province would go on their own separate way, and would not share their wealth with other provinces. Also, Iran needs to act on “guardian rule” on treasury issue which means it would save money, pay deficit, create jobs in order to reduce unemployment rate, and lowering inflation rate, and by having a complex bureaucracy system, it would exhaust all of Iran's national revenue, and this federal system would be too costly to manage. Eventually, public would demand for downsizing government which was the case in 1995 in Province of Ontario. Most importantly, the federal system is a threat to democracy, as it would further marginalize minority group in a province, and would not allow minority group to become a political actor and take part in political life.
On November 22nd, 2008 His Imperial Majesty Reza Pahlavi Shah II mentioned during His Imperial Majesty interview that during time when His Imperial Majesty was residing in Iran, as His Imperial Majesty, Light of Aryan, King of Kings Mohammad Reza Pahlavi I governed Iran, there was no issue of ethnicity or religious issues, it was the current regime has begun to label citizen of Iran with ethnicity and religious background.
Quite frankly, the current regime in Iran is using ethnicity and religious background as an instrument to divide Iranian and not allowing them to be one united force against establishment in Iran. Henceforth, it would be in best interest of all Iranian not allow enemy's deceptive public policy to infiltrate among Iranian, and to become one force against the regime in Iran.
Thank you
Long Live Pure Divine Motherland of Iran
Pawn
1Kenneth Kernaghan, David Siegel. Public Administration. Fourth Edition. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing. 1999. PG 462
2Kenneth Kernaghan, David Siegel. Public Administration. Fourth Edition. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing. 1999. PG 464
3Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy: An Introduction. 2nd Edition. TO, ON: Oxford University Press. 1994. PG 135
4Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy: An Introduction. 2nd Edition. TO, ON: Oxford University Press. 1994. PG 135
5Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy: An Introduction. 2nd Edition. TO, ON: Oxford University Press. 1994. PG 135
6Kenneth Kernaghan, David Siegel. Public Administration. Fourth Edition. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing. 1999. PG 470
7Howlett, Michael, M.Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Second Edition. Canada: Oxford university Press 2003. PG 62
8Kenneth Kernaghan, David Siegel. Public Administration. Fourth Edition. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing. 1999. PG 31
9Jackson J. Robert & Doreen Jackson. Politics in Canada. 4th Edition. TO, ON: Prentice-Hall Canada. PG 381
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