It is always safe to learn what political terms really mean, and by learning concept of several political terms someone won’t fall in a trap of enemy. This short paper is written because Iran’s history recorded when Iranian people did not know what Karl MARX and Frederick ANGLES wrote in their book with title of “The Communist Manifesto” about faith and religion, which was about separation of religion from politics and abolishing of religion, and when Khomeini HENDI declared that he would enforce Marxist-Islamist doctrines in Iran, Iranian people began to believe what Khomeini said, and followed Khomeini, and now it is time to learn new and fresh political terms as follow:
What does a technocrat mean?
These days there is a trend among Iranian community to call themselves technocrat, and indeed, these individuals are technocrats in their own field of specialty. These respectable individuals attended higher education and achieved their academic goals in their own preferred fields. It is worthy of time to learn the real and proper meaning of technocrat and “the term "technocrat" in current usage refers to individuals with technical training and occupations who tend to perceive {assuming, or sign of bias} important societal problems as technological in nature, while proposing largely technology-focused solutions to the various problems. This term is mainly used by technology policy analysts who focus their research on the power struggles and conflicts of interest present when different occupational groups compete for societal resources and authority. According to this theory, originally introduced by the administrative scientist Gunnar K. A. Njalsson, technocrats are primarily driven by their cognitive "problem-solution mindsets" and only in part by particular occupational group interests. Their activities and the increasing success of their ideas are thought to be a crucial factor behind the modern spread of technology and the largely ideological concept of the "Information Society". This definition goes further than its predecessors in distinguishing technocrats from "econocrats" and "bureaucrats" - groups whose problem-solution mindsets differ from those of the technocrats”[1].
“a technocrat's decisions lack democratic legitimacy {which means does not have majority consent of citizens};
a technocrat's decisions are often inadequate, because they are taken remotely and do not take into account the actual parameters of the situation {which means does not reflect on reality of situation, it is based on theory and variables that has not has been tested yet, and outcome is unknown};
What does a technocrat mean?
These days there is a trend among Iranian community to call themselves technocrat, and indeed, these individuals are technocrats in their own field of specialty. These respectable individuals attended higher education and achieved their academic goals in their own preferred fields. It is worthy of time to learn the real and proper meaning of technocrat and “the term "technocrat" in current usage refers to individuals with technical training and occupations who tend to perceive {assuming, or sign of bias} important societal problems as technological in nature, while proposing largely technology-focused solutions to the various problems. This term is mainly used by technology policy analysts who focus their research on the power struggles and conflicts of interest present when different occupational groups compete for societal resources and authority. According to this theory, originally introduced by the administrative scientist Gunnar K. A. Njalsson, technocrats are primarily driven by their cognitive "problem-solution mindsets" and only in part by particular occupational group interests. Their activities and the increasing success of their ideas are thought to be a crucial factor behind the modern spread of technology and the largely ideological concept of the "Information Society". This definition goes further than its predecessors in distinguishing technocrats from "econocrats" and "bureaucrats" - groups whose problem-solution mindsets differ from those of the technocrats”[1].
“a technocrat's decisions lack democratic legitimacy {which means does not have majority consent of citizens};
a technocrat's decisions are often inadequate, because they are taken remotely and do not take into account the actual parameters of the situation {which means does not reflect on reality of situation, it is based on theory and variables that has not has been tested yet, and outcome is unknown};
a technocrat's decisions reflect his[/her] ideological biases {when it is bias, it is worthless}”[2].
Also, there is another angle into this term of technocrat that “in contrast to this derogatory meaning, some use the term "technocrat" to refer to professionals with superior technical knowledge who can put aside personal biases and partisan rivalries in order to "get the job done". Thus, calling someone a "technocrat" may be a positive remark”[3].
In conclusion, “whether the term "technocrat" carries a positive or negative connotation depends largely on the context, audience and the intent of the person using it”[4]. In today’s reality, the term technocrat does not have positive outlook and term technocrat could give negative vibe to audiences. Thus, it is better to refrain from using term technocrat because an audience is mixed of people with diverse ideas and life experiences.
What is a state?
The term state can be confused with term government, and actually state is different than term government, each term has its own distinct characteristics and qualities, and should not be mix with one another.
Each country has one distinct state which is foundation of a nation, and term state has “three main characteristics. First, it involves territorial boundaries. States have borders, beyond which their legal authority is either nil or strictly limited. Second, the state consisted of a complex set of institutions that wield public authority. The court, the police, and the educational system are outposts of the state’s authority no less than are the elected legislature and the bureaucracy. Third, the state is defined in terms of power, what Weber {he is a sociologist, who discussed in a same line as Karl MARX concept of power struggle} called its ‘monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force in the enforcement of its order “[5].
Today, there are three types of states. One, there is a Republic state, second there is an Absolute Monarchy state and last there is a Constitutional Monarchy state. These are good type of states because foundation of each state is on premise of consent of its citizens and not subjects.
What is a government?
The term government “is a term more usefully reserved for those who have been elected to power. It is more personal than the state, being associated with a particular group elected to power {Marxist concept of power struggle} of people and usually, with political parties. In democratic political systems governments are chosen and removed through elections. These elections-the rules and procedure by which governments are formed-are part of the state system”[6]. Thus, there is a candidate who is nominated to an electoral process which is must to require consent of citizens of a constituency by means of voting system which is converted to consent of a constituency that gives permission to the candidate to be elected to an office and the person is elected to the office acts behalf of his/her constituency and is representing the constituency’s will. If there is a government and is out of above features and structures, it is unresponsive, unaccountable and elitist.
What is an opposition?
The term an opposition carries heavy weight on its shoulder, and most importantly it is a political party which is elected to the parliament with intention to undermine the current formed government in the parliament, and in rare occasion to topple the current government and the opposition party is “the party which is usually holds the second-largest number of seats in the legislature and represents the likely alternative to the government-of-the-day should it resign following defeat in the legislature, or at the time is the likely alternative were the government party to suffer defeat in the next election”[7]. Thus, any Iranian in the West that they are calling themselves opposition, are they falling on above definition?
What is a liberator?
“1.to set free, as from imprisonment or bondage.
2.to free (a nation or area) from control by a foreign or oppressive government.
3.to free (a group or individual) from social or economic constraints or discrimination, esp. arising from traditional role expectations or bias”[8].
Iranian people in the West are liberator forces of Iran and not opposition group, and Western politicians will understand better why these Iranian in the West want the theology state in Iran to be removed totally.
What does King or Queen means from Iran’s political culture point of view?
Iranian King or Queen Governorship of a sovereign state has been playing in different capacity than the Western Monarchy systems. Iranian King or Queen played role of a Just Ruler toward their citizens and there is no wonder why Holy Bible has referred to six Iranian Kings as “Just and Benevolent” that these Kings treated their citizens with respect and dignity, and kept their citizens happy and did not allow foreign forces to harm their citizens. Further down the road of history which has recorded King Anuosheravan that He had a title of Just.
Therefore, a King or a Queen and in this particular and contemporary case, Crown Prince Reza PAHLAVI Heir to Throne of Iran is not a government but a key component of a state, and His role is to be just toward citizens of Iran and to ensure their well being. He plays a role in a system of a state as an equalizer, which means He will make sure the motions which will be passing in the parliament will reflect on all political parties. As a result, one political party won’t be able to remain in an absolute power position in the parliament and the political power won’t be monopolized by one political party and won’t be able to legislate all kinds of laws and depriving other interest groups in the parliament. Thus, Crown Prince Reza PAHLAVI will play role of a Just Ruler, which is according to Iran’s political culture.
c.c. White House comments@whitehouse.gov
c.c. Crown Prince Reza PAHLAVI rpsec@rezapahlavi.org
c.c. sosiran info@sosiran.com
End Note
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocrat_(derogatory) Feb 05th, 2007.
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocrat_(derogatory) Feb 05th, 2007.
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocrat_(derogatory) Feb 05th, 2007.
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocrat_(derogatory) Feb 05th, 2007.
[5] Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy. Oxford University Press: T.O ON. 1996. PG 7.
[6] Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy. Oxford University Press: T.O ON. 1996. PG 8.
[7] McMenemy, John. The Language of Canadian Politics. Wilfrid Laurier University Press: Waterloo, ON. 1995. PG 202.
[8] http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/liberator Feb 05th, 2007.
Also, there is another angle into this term of technocrat that “in contrast to this derogatory meaning, some use the term "technocrat" to refer to professionals with superior technical knowledge who can put aside personal biases and partisan rivalries in order to "get the job done". Thus, calling someone a "technocrat" may be a positive remark”[3].
In conclusion, “whether the term "technocrat" carries a positive or negative connotation depends largely on the context, audience and the intent of the person using it”[4]. In today’s reality, the term technocrat does not have positive outlook and term technocrat could give negative vibe to audiences. Thus, it is better to refrain from using term technocrat because an audience is mixed of people with diverse ideas and life experiences.
What is a state?
The term state can be confused with term government, and actually state is different than term government, each term has its own distinct characteristics and qualities, and should not be mix with one another.
Each country has one distinct state which is foundation of a nation, and term state has “three main characteristics. First, it involves territorial boundaries. States have borders, beyond which their legal authority is either nil or strictly limited. Second, the state consisted of a complex set of institutions that wield public authority. The court, the police, and the educational system are outposts of the state’s authority no less than are the elected legislature and the bureaucracy. Third, the state is defined in terms of power, what Weber {he is a sociologist, who discussed in a same line as Karl MARX concept of power struggle} called its ‘monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force in the enforcement of its order “[5].
Today, there are three types of states. One, there is a Republic state, second there is an Absolute Monarchy state and last there is a Constitutional Monarchy state. These are good type of states because foundation of each state is on premise of consent of its citizens and not subjects.
What is a government?
The term government “is a term more usefully reserved for those who have been elected to power. It is more personal than the state, being associated with a particular group elected to power {Marxist concept of power struggle} of people and usually, with political parties. In democratic political systems governments are chosen and removed through elections. These elections-the rules and procedure by which governments are formed-are part of the state system”[6]. Thus, there is a candidate who is nominated to an electoral process which is must to require consent of citizens of a constituency by means of voting system which is converted to consent of a constituency that gives permission to the candidate to be elected to an office and the person is elected to the office acts behalf of his/her constituency and is representing the constituency’s will. If there is a government and is out of above features and structures, it is unresponsive, unaccountable and elitist.
What is an opposition?
The term an opposition carries heavy weight on its shoulder, and most importantly it is a political party which is elected to the parliament with intention to undermine the current formed government in the parliament, and in rare occasion to topple the current government and the opposition party is “the party which is usually holds the second-largest number of seats in the legislature and represents the likely alternative to the government-of-the-day should it resign following defeat in the legislature, or at the time is the likely alternative were the government party to suffer defeat in the next election”[7]. Thus, any Iranian in the West that they are calling themselves opposition, are they falling on above definition?
What is a liberator?
“1.to set free, as from imprisonment or bondage.
2.to free (a nation or area) from control by a foreign or oppressive government.
3.to free (a group or individual) from social or economic constraints or discrimination, esp. arising from traditional role expectations or bias”[8].
Iranian people in the West are liberator forces of Iran and not opposition group, and Western politicians will understand better why these Iranian in the West want the theology state in Iran to be removed totally.
What does King or Queen means from Iran’s political culture point of view?
Iranian King or Queen Governorship of a sovereign state has been playing in different capacity than the Western Monarchy systems. Iranian King or Queen played role of a Just Ruler toward their citizens and there is no wonder why Holy Bible has referred to six Iranian Kings as “Just and Benevolent” that these Kings treated their citizens with respect and dignity, and kept their citizens happy and did not allow foreign forces to harm their citizens. Further down the road of history which has recorded King Anuosheravan that He had a title of Just.
Therefore, a King or a Queen and in this particular and contemporary case, Crown Prince Reza PAHLAVI Heir to Throne of Iran is not a government but a key component of a state, and His role is to be just toward citizens of Iran and to ensure their well being. He plays a role in a system of a state as an equalizer, which means He will make sure the motions which will be passing in the parliament will reflect on all political parties. As a result, one political party won’t be able to remain in an absolute power position in the parliament and the political power won’t be monopolized by one political party and won’t be able to legislate all kinds of laws and depriving other interest groups in the parliament. Thus, Crown Prince Reza PAHLAVI will play role of a Just Ruler, which is according to Iran’s political culture.
c.c. White House comments@whitehouse.gov
c.c. Crown Prince Reza PAHLAVI rpsec@rezapahlavi.org
c.c. sosiran info@sosiran.com
End Note
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocrat_(derogatory) Feb 05th, 2007.
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocrat_(derogatory) Feb 05th, 2007.
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocrat_(derogatory) Feb 05th, 2007.
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocrat_(derogatory) Feb 05th, 2007.
[5] Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy. Oxford University Press: T.O ON. 1996. PG 7.
[6] Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy. Oxford University Press: T.O ON. 1996. PG 8.
[7] McMenemy, John. The Language of Canadian Politics. Wilfrid Laurier University Press: Waterloo, ON. 1995. PG 202.
[8] http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/liberator Feb 05th, 2007.
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